La Corte Suprema de Justicia de Estados Unidos revisa una medida que, de ser liberada, ampararía de la deportación a unos 5 millones de indocumentados sin antecedentes criminales.
La Corte Suprema celebra este lunes 18 de abril una audiencia sobre la Acción Ejecutiva migratoria que el presidente Barack Obama anunció el 20 de noviembre de 2014.
Estas son las 10 cosas que debes saber sobre este evento clave que decidirá el futuro inmediato unos 5 millones de inmigrantes indocumentados.
1.
¿Por qué la audiencia?
El 3 de diciembre de 2014, dos semanas después del anuncio de la Acción Ejecutiva, 26 estados (24 de ellos gobernados por republicanos) demandaron el beneficio migratorio argumentando que el presidente abusó de su poder ejecutivo y que la medida viola la Constitución porque cambia una ley, algo que solo puede hacerlo el Congreso.
El 16 de febrero del 2015 una corte de Brownsville, Texas, falló a favor de los 26 estados. El 13 de marzo el gobierno apeló el fallo y el 11 de noviembre la Corte de Apelaciones del 5º Circuito de Nueva Orleans ratificó el dictamen de Texas.
El 20 de noviembre, un año después del anuncio de Obama, el Departamento de Justicia le pidió a la Corte Suprema que revise la medida.
2.
¿Qué revisará la Corte Suprema?
Los magistrados de la Corte Suprema revisarán si Obama abusó de su poder ejecutivo al otorgar beneficios temporales a indocumentados que llevan tiempo en el país y carecen de antecedentes criminales. Y si las medidas violan la Constitución como argumentan los 26 estados.
La revisión afecta en particular dos programas que amparan de la deportación a unos 5 millones de indocumentados.
3.
¿Cuáles son los programas afectados por la demanda de los 26 estados?
Los programas afectados -y que permanecen en suspenso desde el 16 de febrero del año pasado- son:
La Acción Diferida para Responsabilidad de los Padres de ciudadanos estadounidenses y residentes permanentes legales (DAPA, por su sigla en inglés); y,
Consideración de Acción Diferida para los Llegados en la Infancia (DACA, por su sigla en inglés).
4.
¿En qué consisten ambos programas?
Frenan las deportaciones de indocumentados padres de ciudadanos y residentes legales, y dreamers que están en el país desde antes del 1 de enero de 2014 y carecen de antecedentes criminales
Les concede un permiso de trabajo (o autorización de empleo) temporal renovable cada tres años
5.
¿Qué sucederá durante la audiencia?
Los abogados del Departamento de Justicia y de los 26 estados presentarán sus argumentos orales a favor y en contra de la Acción Ejecutiva
Los jueces preguntarán a los abogados sus dudas
5 cosas que debes saber sobre la audiencia de la acción ejecutiva ante la Corte Suprema /Univision
6.
¿Habrá decisión una vez finalizada la audiencia?
No. Los magistrados se retirarán, revisarán los argumentos, deliberarán y emitirán un dictamen en el verano (entre los meses de junio y julio).
publicidad
7.
¿Qué debe debe hacer la comunidad inmigrante después de la audiencia y antes del dictamen final?
Los abogados consultados por Univision Noticias recomiendan:
Cuidarse de las estafas
No haga nada, no pague nada a nadie porque nada se puede hacer hasta que la Corte Suprema entregue un dictamen final
No cometa errores o faltas que los coloquen en la lista de prioridades de deportación de la Oficina de Inmigración y Aduanas (ICE, por su sigla en inglés)
Revise los requisitos y reúna los documentos necesarios para demostrar que califica para uno de los programas de la Acción Ejecutiva
8.
¿Cuáles son los escenarios de la Acción Ejecutiva?
Hay cuatro escenarios probables:
Que la Corte Suprema falle a favor (con un mínimo de 5 de los 8 votos), libere los programas DACA y DAPA y anule el dictamen de la Corte de Texas
Que la Corte ratifique (con un mínimo de 5 de los 8 votos) el fallo de Texas y muera la Acción Ejecutiva
Que la Corte empate 4 a 4. En ese caso prevalece el fallo de la corte inferior, es decir el dictamen de Texas del 16 de febrero del 2015
Un empate no impide al gobierno apelar el fallo de Texas en otro distrito más favorable que la corte de Nueva Orleans. De ser así y obtener un fallo favorable, la Acción Ejecutiva entonces solo entraría en vigor en la jurisdicción de esa corte
Que la Corte Suprema no tome una decisión y declare que esperará que el Senado nombre al noveno magistrado, vacante desde el 13 de febrero tras la muerte de Antonin Scalia. En ese caso todo se queda tal y como está.
9.
¿Habrá más audiencias?
No, ésta es la única antes del fallo que será emitido en el verano.
10.
¿Cuáles son los 26 estados que demandaron la Acción Ejecutiva?
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Carolina del Norte, Carolina del Sur, Dakota del Norte, Dakota del Sur, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Luisiana, Maine, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia Occidental y Wisconsin.
Lea también:
¿Por qué DACA puede triunfar en la Corte Suprema de Justicia?
Caucus hispano pide a la Corte Suprema que libere la Acción Ejecutiva
Inmigrantes marcharán a favor de DACA y DAPA frente a la Corte Suprema
Indocumentados esperan que fallo de ña Coprte Suprema los proteja de las deportaciones
Indocumentado que calificaba para DAPA fue deportado y asesinado días después
El «Plan B» de la Acción Ejecutiva (si la Corte falla contra DACA y DAPA)
Aplauden decisión de la Corte Suprerma de revisar la Acción Ejecutiva
Advierten estafas con la Acción Ejecutiva
La incógnita del juez Garland en temas migratorios
Cámara aprobó resolución contra la Acción Ejecutiva
Demócratas conrreaatacan a Ryan y salen en defensa de la Acción Ejecutiva
Qué pasa con la Acción Ejecutiva sin Scalia
15 cosas que debes saber de las deportaciones
Ser indocumentado: 13 cosas que debes saber
Acción Ejecutiva
DACA
DAPA
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